Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences

Front Cover

2025-04-03T18:24:58+00:00

EFFECT OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL ON ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PRESENTATION AMONG NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS, UNDERGONE CORONARY ARTERY ANGIOGRAPHY

2025-04-03T18:27:49+00:00

Impact of the combination of high admission glucose (AG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in predicting clinical outcome of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains lesser known in nondiabetics. We aimed at studying the association the high levels of the combination of AG and HbA1c with the clinical presentations in nondiabetic patients with ACS. The aimed was to evaluate the impact of the combination of high AG and HbA1c levels on the severity and complications of ACS in nondiabetic patients. This observational cross-sectional study included 58 patients without diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the coronary care unit with symptoms suggestive of ACS. Diagnosis of ACS was confirmed by performing coronary angiography. Patients were classified according to their ABG & HbA1c into two groups: Group 1 with lower levels of both AG and HbA1c (< 120 mg/dL for ABG and <5.6% for HbA1c) and Group 2 with higher admission levels of both components (120-180 mg/dL for ABG and 5.7% - 6.4% for HbA1c). Main outcome measures were ECG changes, troponin T value, regional wall motion abnormalities and left ventricular ejection fraction on echocardiography, along with the complications such as heart failure and arrhythmias. Data were analyzed separately using multiple regression analysis. The mean age of patients was 58.5±11.6 years, out of which 77.6% were males and 22.4% females. Peak Troponin T values and the prevalence of STEMI were higher and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in Groups 2 than in Group 1. The prevalence of congestive cardiac failure (CCF) and arrhythmias were higher in Groups 2. High admission glucose (AG) and HbA1c are a predictor of major adverse outcomes in nondiabetics with ACS. Measurement of HbA1c levels may improve risk assessment in such patients when presenting with ACS.

GENERALIZATION OF WELY'S PROJECTIVE CURVATURE TENSOR IN FINSLER SPACES: A STUDY ON GENERALIZED W-RECURRENT, BIRECURRENT, AND RICCI TENSORS

2025-04-03T20:25:02+00:00

In this study, we explore the generalization of Wely’s projective curvature tensor \(W_{jkh}^i\) satisfying a specific recurrence relation (3.1), which defines a generalized W-recurrent space, denoted as G^2nd W_|h- BRF_n . By investigating the conditions under which this tensor satisfies the generalized recurrence relations, we define and analyze the properties of generalized W-recurrent, birecurrent, and Ricci tensors in the context of second-order covariant derivatives. We derive a series of equations that describe the behavior of these tensors, including the covariant derivative expressions and their relationships with scalar curvatures and deviation tensors. A key contribution is the proof of various theorems that relate the generalized recurrence conditions to torsion tensors and curvature properties. Specifically, we show that the Ricci tensor and associated tensors exhibit generalized birecurrent Finsler space behavior under certain conditions. The results further provide insights into the torsion and deviation tensors, highlighting their role in the overall curvature structure of Finsler spaces. These findings extend the theory of recurrent spaces, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding higher-order curvature phenomena in Finsler geometry.

NETWORK PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMET. A CASE STUDY: NBY NETWORK

2025-04-03T21:50:56+00:00

In this paper, an extensive study is presented on the case of a network banking system. Through research, in order to improve the network performance, enhanced proposed models of the current system are designed. The performance of the proposed techniques has been evaluated by conducting the simulation experiments. The obtained performance metrics results of the comparative study between the current system and the proposed models, exhibits the reliability and accuracy of these models.

EQUALITY OF INERTIAL AND GRAVITATIONAL MASS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF GENERALIZED SPECIAL RELATIVITY AND THE SAVICKAS MODEL

2025-04-04T11:02:07+00:00

This study examines the equivalence between inertial and gravitational mass within the frameworks of Generalized Special Relativity (GSR) and the Savickas model, with specific objectives to clarify their relationships and implications concerning the principle of equivalence. Our results indicate that, under GSR, inertial mass as measured by an observer in free fall does not equal gravitational mass when both are influenced by gravitational fields. In contrast, the Savickas model consistently supports their equality. This study also highlights that in scenarios involving an accelerating elevator, both models affirm the equality of inertial and gravitational mass, reinforcing the formal definitions of mass in each context. Thus, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the implications of mass equivalence in relativistic frameworks. The primary objective is to explore their implications for the equivalence principle and to determine under what conditions these masses remain equal. Our analysis reveals that, in GSR, inertial and gravitational masses are unequal when influenced by gravitational fields, as measured by an external observer. Conversely, the Savickas model consistently supports their equality under similar conditions. Furthermore, in the context of an accelerating elevator, both models affirm the equality of these masses, aligning with classical interpretations of the equivalence principle. These findings provide a deeper understanding of mass equivalence in relativistic frameworks, offering insights into foundational concepts in modern physics.

IMPACT OF EMPAGLIFLOZIN ON BIOCHEMICAL, INFLAMMATORY, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN CONTRAST-INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY-INJURED ALBINO RATS

2025-04-04T20:32:36+00:00

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a critical clinical issue associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the renoprotective effect of empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, in non-diabetic albino rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups, receiving varying doses of empagliflozin and contrast media. Key biochemical markers, including serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress indicators, were analyzed. Empagliflozin significantly mitigated increases in SCr and BUN levels compared to the contrast media group, suggesting improved renal function. Although reductions in TNF-Alpha and modulations in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed,they were not statistically significant. These findings highlight empagliflozin's potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. The study underscores empagliflozin's promise as a therapeutic agent for CI-AKI and calls for further investigations into its molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF TWO LOCAL CULTIVARS OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH) "AL-SAIF AND AL- HAIQ" ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF THE WEED (SENNA ITALICA MILL.) UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

2025-04-04T20:46:06+00:00

A greenhouse experiment was conducted in Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lahej Univ., Yemen, to study the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from two local Sorghum cultivars (S. bicolor (L.) namely "Al-Saif and Al- Haiq" on germination and seedling growth of the weed (S. italica Mill.), which widely spread in the fields of Tubun-Delta, Lahej Gov., the experiment consisted of three concentrations: 0, 5 and 10% for each extract. The studied traits of seeds and seedlings of (Senna italica Mill.) were: germination rate, germination speed, length of root and shoot parts of the seedlings and the fresh weight of root and shoot parts of the seedling. The most important results obtained are summarized in the presence of a significant effect of the extract concentrations on all the studied characteristics. The most effective was when using the extract at a concentration of 10%, as it reduced the germination percentage, germination speed, root length, shoot length, root wet weight and shoot wet weight compared to the control, the interaction between the cultivars and the concentrations of the extracts had a significant effect on each of: the percentage and speed of germination, the length of the root and shoot parts of the seedlings, and the wet weight of the shoot parts of the seedlings, but it had no significant effect on the wet weight of the root parts of the seedlings, the difference in cultivars did not have a significant effect on all the studied traits.

EFFECT OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON VITAMIN C DOSAGE FORMS IN ADEN, YEMEN

2025-04-04T21:48:06+00:00

Vitamin C is an essential antioxidant used in pharmaceutical formulations. However, its stability is affected by environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and light exposure. In Aden, Yemen, frequent power outages and high temperatures exacerbate these stability concerns, making proper storage difficult. This study investigates the impact of different storage conditions on the stability of vitamin C dosage forms, including tablets, sachets, injections, and capsules available in Aden. A comparative experimental study was conducted to evaluate the stability of these dosage forms under continuous air-conditioned storage (20-25°C) and non-continuous air-conditioned (35-40°C). The analysis was performed using redox titration with potassium iodate in the presence of potassium iodide and UV-visible spectrophotometry with potassium permanganate. Redox titration results showed that vitamin C content in all dosage forms ranged from (91.23±2.3 - 102.38± 1.09 %) under continuous air-conditioned storage (20-25 ºC). On the other hand, the samples of studied vitamin C forms stored under non-continuous air-conditioned (about 35-40 ºC) with long periods of power outage during summer ranged (89.76±0 - 98.59±0.72 %). There was significant degradation of vitamin C content under elevated temperatures, with percentage loss ranging from (0.32% to 4.4%). In addition, the content of vitamin C in the selected forms was analyzed by the Spectrophotometric method, and the vitamin C content was determined from the regression equation of the calibration curve (y=0.0229x−0.0453, R2 = 0.9996) and expressed in content percentages, the loss percentages ranged from (0.48 to 6.6%). Furthermore, the incubation of vitamin C at different temperatures (40, 50, 60 ºC) for one week caused decreasing in its content, where the vitamin content lost about (18.64 - 42.71%). These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate storage conditions to maintain the stability and efficacy of vitamin C pharmaceutical products and heat-sensitive medication, especially in regions affected by climate change and frequent power outages. This study recommends further studies exploring the impact of climate change, humidity and packaging materials on heat- sensitive medication.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF AERIAL PARTS OF JATROPHA SPINOSA, JATROPHA VARIEGATA AND EUPHORBIA MILII

2025-04-05T10:39:40+00:00

Yemen is renowned for its rich biodiversity, particularly its medicinal flora, which includes numerous endemic species of significant therapeutic value. This study aims to investigate the physicochemical and phytochemical properties of the aerial parts of Jatropha spinosa, Jatropha variegata, and Euphorbia milii, and evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Standard methodologies were used. Physicochemical parameters such as ash value, extractive value and moisture content were evaluated and phytochemicals like phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, sterols and carbohydrates were determined in the studied plants. The total phenolic content in the 80% methanolic extracts were 128.12, 63.70, and 50.54 mg GAE/g for Euphorbia milii, Jatropha variegata and Jatropha spinosa, respectively. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the in vitro DPPH assay. The IC₅₀ values of the methanolic extract of Jatropha spinosa, Jatropha variegata, Euphorbia milii, and the standard quercetin were 100.71 ± 0.43, 54.62 ± 0.63, 12.56 ± 0.34, and 2.37 ± 0.23 μg/mL, respectively. Among the studied extracts, Euphorbia milii exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, when compared with the standard quercetin. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method. Methanolic extracts at concentrations of 250 mg/ml showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with Euphorbia milii, followed by Jatropha variegata and Jatropha spinosa, producing inhibition zone diameters of 22.13 mm, 20.22 mm, and 17.43 mm, respectively. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the inhibition zones were 20.22 mm for Euphorbia milii, 18.97 mm for Jatropha variegata, and 17.77 mm for Jatropha spinosa. Similarly, against Proteus mirabilis, inhibition zones were 18.32 mm, 17.54 mm, and 15.23 mm for Euphorbia milii, Jatropha variegata, and Jatropha spinosa, respectively. For Candida albicans, the inhibition zones were 19.44 mm for Euphorbia milii, 16.54 mm for Jatropha variegata, and 16.55 mm for Jatropha spinosa. The above results indicate that the studied plants, especially Euphorbia milii, may be good sources of antioxidants and antimicrobials.

SEROPREVALENCE AND RESEARCH GAPS IN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS STUDIES IN YEMEN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

2025-04-06T18:39:41+00:00

Cytomegalovirus is a prevalent virus that poses significant public health challenges, especially in developing countries like Yemen. Despite its widespread occurrence, there is a substantial gap in understanding the true epidemiological burden due to diagnostic limitations and low awareness among healthcare professionals and the general public. This comprehensive review aimed to assess Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence across different regions and population groups in Yemen, critically analyze the diagnostic techniques used, and evaluate awareness levels among key stakeholders. The findings indicated consistently high seroprevalence rates, reaching up to 100% among pregnant women and 99.5% among cancer patients. However, the heavy reliance on serological methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, without the use of molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction, significantly hampers the accurate detection of active infections. Moreover, awareness among healthcare workers and the general population remains critically low, exacerbating the transmission risks. This review identifies critical research gaps, including a lack of molecular epidemiological studies and comprehensive awareness campaigns. Addressing these gaps requires an integrated approach that combines advanced diagnostic methods, enhanced healthcare training, and public education initiatives to mitigate Cytomegalovirus transmission and reduce its impact on health.