Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences

Front Cover

Abdulrahman Ahmed Mohren — 2023-09-30

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION LEVELS AND APPLICATION DATES ON THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ZUCCHINI SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.) (UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM)

Hamid Jaafar Abu Bakr Al-Haidar — 2023-09-30

A field experiment was conducted for the two agricultural seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 at a farm located in the Delta of Tuban in Lahij Governorate, Yemen, at latitude [North 16, 53, 44] and longitude [East 30, 02, 13]. The study aimed to find out the effect of nitrogen fertilization levels and their application dates on the characteristics of vegetative growth and total production of zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) under the drip irrigation system, in order to know the best level of nitrogen fertilization and to determine the best dates to add them to the characteristics of vegetative growth and total production of zucchini plants, use the complete sector design randomization in four replications, the study included 15 treatments consisting of five levels of nitrogen fertilization (Urea) (00, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg Nitrogen/ha) and three dates of addition (one week after germination, at the beginning of flowering, and at the beginning of fruit setting). Nitrogen fertilization at 200 kg nitrogen per ha was significantly superior in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area plant compared to the control (without fertilization) during the two seasons of the study, and the dates of adding nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on most studied growth characterizations. Where the first application date (one week after germination) gave the best results in the characteristics of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, wet weight, dry weight, and total yield.

THE RATE OF ASYMPTOMATIC THROAT CARRIAGE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS OF QUEEN ARWA UNIVERSITY IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN

Nasser Mohammad Al-Aomary — 2023-09-30

The throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes could play a crucial role in the transmission of infection to households and community settings. In Yemen, there is no information about S. pyogenes throat carriage among university students. This study aimed to find out the rate of asymptomatic throat carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes and its associated risk factors among medical students at Queen Arwa University in Sana’a City, Yemen. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Queen Arwa, between December 2022 and April 2023. A total of 300 throat swabs were randomly collected from medical university students. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated and identified using standard bacteriological procedures. Additionally, the required data were obtained by using the designed questionnaire. Out of 300 specimens, 5 (1.7%) were positive for S. pyogenes throat carriage. The high rate of S. pyogenes was among females (2%), the age group of 25–30 years (8.3%), dental students (3.9%), and those who studied at the third level (3.7%). Additionally, the high rate of carriage was among those whose fathers’ were in the trading field (3.7%) and whose mothers were housewives (2%), whose fathers and mothers held a university certificate (2.9%) and primary school (6.5%), respectively, with a low income (12.5%), none of their families have a sore throat (2.1%), or a history of hospitalization (3.2%). There was a relatively low rate of S. pyogenes throat carriage in healthy medical students compared with international investigations. Standard precautions such as adequate hand and respiratory hygiene and avoiding overcrowded settings are used to prevent and control the transmission of GAS infections.

HISTOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN THE BODY WALL OF EARTHWORM ALLOLOBOPHORA CALIGINOSA EXPOSED TO DIMETHOATE INSECTICIDES

Nada Al-syed Hassan Ahmed — 2023-09-30

Dimethoate is an organophosphorus insecticide with contact and systemic action used against a broad range of insects in agriculture. Dimethoate is highly mobile in soil. Its residues have been detected in soils, sediments, and water due to their non-regulated usage practice. Therefore, it affects the beneficial organisms that live in the soil, such as the earthworm. Earthworms are considered as soil engineers because of their ability to modify soils and plant communities, as earthworms ingest large amounts of soil and organic matter, they are continuously exposed to contaminants through their alimentary surfaces. The earthworm Allolobophora caliginosa was exposed to Dimethoate and the concentrations were range from 0.05 to 2.5 ppm. The changes in the body wall were represented by the appearance of vacuolated in the epidermis layer and muscle layers, the epidermis separating from the muscle layer then the cells were destroyed, and the effect increased by increasing the concentration of the pesticides.

THE STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-STOICHIOMETRIC CADMIUM SELENIDE THIN FILMS

Abdullah Omar Ali — 2023-09-30

Non-stoichiometric Cd_xSe_100-x (x=10, 20, 30 at. %) alloys were prepared by melt-quenching technique, while thin films of these alloys were prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation technique. The Differential thermal analysis (DTA) results showed that the composition affects the characteristic temperatures, for instance, the glass transition, and peak crystallization temperatures. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) of the as-deposited films confirmed its amorphous nature except for films with x=30 at. %. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations and correlated to the rigidity percolation threshold of the lattice. Furthermore, XRD patterns indicated that amorphous structures transformed into crystalline structures for annealed thin films at 423 K for 30 minutes. The microstructure parameters (crystal size, microstrain, and dislocation density) of both Se and CdSe phases were calculated for annealed films. The temperature dependence of dark d.c. conductivity of thin films was studied in the temperature range (300-500 K). The electrical measurements results showed two types of conduction mechanisms. Conduction is due to extended state in the temperature range (370-500 K) and variable range hopping in the temperature range (300-370 K). Moreover, in the high temperature range, the results indicate the validity of Meyer-Neldel rule (MNR) in the studied samples.

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SOME PLANTS USED IN YEMENI HERBAL MEDICINE

Nohad Mohammed Saeed Fartwat — 2023-09-30

Capparis cartilaginea Decne.; Vachellia nilotica subspecies Indica (Benth) Kyal & Boatwr.; Fagonia paulayana J. Wagner & Vierh., are medicinal plants used in traditional Yemen medicine for the treatment a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases. These plants were selected to evaluate their potential antifungal activity. To determine antifungal activity and phytochemicals in the leaves, and total vegetative extracts of three medicinal plants used in traditional Yemeni medicine for the treatment of various disease like rheumatism, piles fever, skin diseases and snake bite. Plant extracts from three species, namely Capparis cartilaginea, Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica, and Fagonia paulayana, were prepared using ethanol and water. The extracts were tested for their antifungal activity against Candida species isolated from vaginal specimens of women. Phytochemical screening was also performed to identify various constituents in the extracts. The antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out following standard guidelines, and Amphotericin B was used as a reference antifungal agent. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of these plant extracts as natural remedies for Candida-related infections. The study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts from Capparis cartilaginea, Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica, and Fagonia paulayna against Candida fungal isolates from vaginal specimens. Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica (Ethanol Extract) showed significant inhibitory effects against Candida species, while Capparis cartilaginea and Fagonia paulayna (both Ethanol Extracts) had limited inhibitory activity. Further research is needed to explore the therapeutic potential of Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica as a natural antifungal agent. Extracts of Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica demonstrate notable inhibitory effects against Candida species isolated from vaginal samples. This research points to the potential for using extracts of the Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica plant as a natural remedy for Candida-associated infections.

AI-ACCIDENT DETECTION SYSTEM FOR FAST RESCUE ON FREEWAYS USING ON-BOARD CAR MOTION SENSORS FUSION

Abdullah Mohammed Bahasan — 2023-09-30

Continuous tracking and detecting position systems are significant services that can using in many applications such as detecting accident cars on Freeways. This paper introduces Artificial intelligent (AI) method to quick discover the accident and determine the position of car on Freeways that will reduce the rate of fatalities. Most tracking and detecting position systems are based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). But the GNSS signal in certain areas such as buildings and tunnel is unavailable which make a big problem for these systems. To solve this problem, most traditional methods are based on integrated GNSS with other navigation sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, odometers and so on. But these integrated methods still high cost and need to long time processing. Today, most modern Vehicles are equipping with several On-board Car Motion Sensors (OVMS) such as Acceleration Sensors (AS), Wheel Velocity Sensor (WVS), Gravity Sensor (GS), Yaw Rate Sensor (YRS) and additional to GNSS that can improve the safety and also use to determine and detect the position of accident vehicle. This paper develops an approach AI-accident detection system based on integrating GNSS with On-board Vehicle Motion Sensors (OVMS) using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm. During GPS outages, the three Acceleration Sensors (3-ASs) are processing to determine velocities and then position of vehicle on three x, y and z axes. While the YRS and GS sensors are using to determine velocities angles on three x, y and z axes, respectively. In same time the three WVS sensors are using to correct velocities errors of three acceleration sensors (3-ASs) until GNSS signal is return again. The proposed AI-accident detection system is tested in different scenarios during GPS outage signal. The results of proposed method can actually detect accident and determine the position of vehicle with high efficiency.

TH TAXONOMIC STUDY FOR GENUS HELIOTROPIUM L. (BORAGINACEAE) IN TWO DISTRICTS TUBAN AND AL-MUSEMIER, LAHEJ GOVERNORATE, REPUBLIC OF YEMEN

Mazen Alawi Ali Salim Atif — 2023-09-30

This current study deals with the Heliotropium L., in two districts (Tuban and Al-Musemier), Lahej governorate, Yemen. During the period from August 2020 to March 2023, The present study recognized 7 species are: H. bacciferum, H. europaeum, H. longiflorum var. longiflorum, H. ovalifolium, H. pterocarpum, H. ramosissimum and H. strigosum. H. longiflorum var. longiflorum endemic to Arabia Peninsula. The vegetative and reproductive characters proved that they are with high taxonomic values in identification and classification at the level of species, long of inflorescence, fruitlet with or without wing, numbers of fruitlets (2 or 4-nutlets), present or absent hairs are with high taxonomic values in identification and classification at the level of species of Heliotropium.

TAXONOMIC STUDY FOR GENUS INDIGOFERA L. (FABACEAE) IN EREF GABAL, AL-MAQATERAH DISTRICTS, LAHEJ GOVERNORATE, REPUBLIC OF YEMEN

Azmi Abdulmatloob Ahmed Saif — 2023-09-30

This current study deals with the Indigofera L., in Eref region, Al-Maqaterah district, Lahej governorate, Yemen. During the period from August 2020 to March 2023. The present study recognized 6 species are: I. amorphoides, I. arabica, I. articulata, I. coerulea var. coerulea, I. hochstetteri and I. spinosa. The habit, vegetative and reproductive characters proved that they are with high taxonomic values in identification and classification at the level of species of Indigofera. The chorotype for recorded taxa in study area belong to Sudano-Zambezian. The chomophytes are dominant in studied area.