Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences

Front Cover

Abdulrahman Ahmed Mohren — 2023-03-31

USING DISCRIMINATE ANALYSIS WITH APPLIED ON BIRTHS OF PREMATURE BABY IN AL-SABEAN GENERAL HOSPITAL FOR MATERNITY AND CHILDHOOD IN THE CAPITAL SANA’A

Amtalteef M. A. Al-Hamzi — 2023-03-31

The current study aimed to employ the use of discriminant function analysis in classifying the new premature babies into living premature babies or dead premature babies. The study used the descriptive analytical method, the study consisted of a random sample of data on premature babies at the Statistics Center at Al-Sabean General Hospital for Maternity and Childhood for the years 2018-2020, its size reached (130) premature babies, of whom (98) lived and (32) died. The method of analyzing the discriminatory function used on the data in order to reach the classification of the new preterm babies into one of the two groups. The study reached to identify the most important independent variables in classifying the group of premature babies into one of the two groups. The first in importance is the smoking variable of the pregnant mother, followed by the variable of uterine age of the premature baby in weeks, then the variable of taking nutritional supplements during pregnancy, then the rest of the six approved variables in constructing the function of discrimination. The study also indicated the strength of the relationship between the variables included in the analysis, where the percentage of legal correlation of the discriminatory function was (0.85). The percentage of variance explained by the discriminant function through the value of the eta-square was (0.72), and it corresponds to an eigenvalue equal to (2.58). The results also indicated that the value of Wilks' Lambda amounted to (0.280), and the value of chi-squared amounted to (159.33), which is statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05). This confirms the ability of the discriminatory function to distinguish between the two groups of premature babies. Amounted classification accuracy between the two groups of premature babies (95.4%), which is a high percentage that confirms the accuracy of the classification.

THE EFFECT OF ADDING FAT ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

Omar Abdul-Mageed Sallam — 2023-03-31

This experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of adding sunflower oil on some economic traits of "Ross" broiler. In the experiment, 96 unsexed day-old broiler were used, distributed randomly into two treatments, each treatment and three replications, each repetition of 16 broilers. The results showed that there was a significant difference for the supplement group of 0.02 sunflower oil over the control group in the feed conversion coefficient and feed consumption rate, while there were no significant differences in the rate of body weight, weight gain, productivity per square meter of live weight and mortality ratio between the control group and the supplement group 0.02 sunflower oil.

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL AND ASSOCIATED RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN MARINE SEDIMENT SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM ABYAN BEACH, GULF OF ADEN, YEMEN

Fuad Abdo AS-Subaihi — 2023-03-31

Twenty three marine sediment samples taken from the side beach from the Abyan beach, Aden Gulf, Yemen to measuring the activity concentration of terrestrial radionuclides radium-226, thorium-232 and potassium-40 and its associated hazard indices using gamma spectrometer with High-Purity Germanium HPGe detector. The average activity concentration of natural radionuclides ²²⁶Ra,²³²Th and ⁴⁰k in marine sediments samples under investigation were 16.25± 0.63Bqkg^-1, for Ra-226, 23.80± 1.46Bqkg^-1 for Th-232 and 518.54±44.61Bqkg^-1for K-40 respectively. The radiation hazard indices which resulting from the presence of natural radionuclides in marine sediment samples were calculated and the obtained results indicate that the average value of radium equivalent activity was 90.21Bqkg^-1. The average value of External hazard index H_ex was 0.243 and the average values of internal hazard index H_in was 0.287. The average value of outdoor absorbed dose rate D_out was 43.66nGyh⁻¹ and indoor absorbed dose rate D_in was 83.13nGyh⁻¹. The average values of annual outdoor effective dose AED_out was 0.053mSvy^-1and the annual indoor effective dose AED_in was 0.407mSvy^-1. The average values of the annual gonadal dose equivalent AGDE were 312.52μSvy^-1. While the average values of outdoor excess life-time cancer risk ELCR_out was 0.187×10⁻³ and the indoor excess life-time cancer risk ELCR_in was 1.427×10⁻³. They are less than worldwide limits.

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSOCIATED DISORDERS OF CATARACT PATIENTS ATTENDED MAKKAH HOSPITAL IN ADEN, YEMEN

Ibtihal Aidroos Zain Gaffer — 2023-03-31

The objective is to determine the demographic characteristics, and the proportion of associated factors of cataract. This was a hospital based cross-sectional study among adult patients attending Makkah hospital in Aden. We obtained all demographic and associated factors of cataract. SPSS 17 version was used. All variables were compared according to the sex and age groups. Variables were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Chi-square analysis was used. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study patients were 186 cataract patients, (Females were 51.1% and males were 49.9%). The age of the patients ranged between 25 to 92 years and the mean age was 61.1 ±11.1 years. The majority patients (82.8%) were of the age group > 50 years. Most of the patients were from urban 56.5%. About (15.6%) cataract patients were smokers. Most of smokers were males 12.9%. One hundred and eleven (59.7%) of the patients gave history of exposure to sunlight, (p = 0.000). Housewives represented (39.2%), (p=0.000). About (14.7%) of the patients were diabetic. Cataract is the commonest cause of visual impairment worldwide and though it affects all age groups. It is more prevalent among people aged 50 years and more. Old age patients from urban and rural areas are the most commonly affected by cataract.

MORPHOMETRIC, MERISTIC AND AGE OF AL-NAQIM POMADASYS ARGENTEUS (FORSSKAL, 1775) FAMILY: HAEMULIDAE FROM COASTS OF ADEN GOVERNORATE - YEMEN

Eshrak Abdulqader AL-Nawi — 2023-03-31

Morphometric and Meristic of AL- Naqim Pomadasys argenteus from Coasts of the Gulf of Aden was studied from July 2021 to June 2022. A total of 223 samples of AL- Naqim were collected total length ranged from 18 - 47 cm, with weight of 85 - 1230 g. Twenty morphometric (Total length, Fork length, Standard length, Head length, Head depth, Eye diameter, Pre orbital length, Body depth, Pre dorsal length, Dorsal fin length, Pre pectoral length, Pectoral fin length, Pre pelvic length, Ventral fin length, Pre anal length, Anal fin length, Caudal fin length, Caudal fin height, Caudal peduncle length and Caudal peduncle depth) and nine meristic characters (Dorsal fin spines, Dorsal fin rays, Anal fin spines, Anal fine rays, Pectoral fin rays, Pelvic fin spines, Ventral fin rays and Gill rakers) ware investigated in detail, The morphometric measurements were dependent on body size. There is a gradual increase in morphometric measurements with an increase in body length. Regression analyses were performed between the independent variable total length and the dependent variables, as well as between the independent variable head length and the dependent variable "eye diameter and pre orbital length". The results showed that there was apositive linear relationship between various morphometric measurements and total length as well as head length with a medium to a high degree of correlation. On the other hand the fish showed with the increase in body length, the fin formula can be written as D XII, 14; A- III, 7; P 16 - 17; V I, 5; C 17, and the number gill rakers (0.06 ± 17.5). Total length – weight relationship of Pomadasys argenteus was W = 0.015 TL^2.8475, R² = 0.9813. The age composition was ranged from (0- 7) years.

DISTRIBUTION OF LIZARDS IN ABYAN GOVERNORATE, YEMEN

Salem M. Busais — 2023-03-31

This study provides the occurrence and distribution of lizards in Abyan governorate to establish a database for future studies. Two hundred and two specimens were collected through field trips that were carried out from July 2018 to July 2019. The types of squamous reptiles belonging to the suborder of Sauria were identified. The specimens were kept in the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Education/ Zinjebar - University of Abyan. A museum number with the symbol LBZC was given. The results reveal that 24 species of lizards that occur in Abyan governorate belong to eight families. A map of the spread of these species in the governorate was also developed.

THEORETICALLY PREDICTED DEVIATION IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GE-BI-S CHALCOGENIDE ALLOYS WITH COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS

M. A. Dabban — 2023-03-31

Chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) semiconductors have several useful properties, especially in their technical applications. The present work explains the compositional dependence of many physical properties of Ge_xBi₅S_95-x(x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 35 and 45 at. %). Increasing Ge content reduces the fraction of floppy modes, the lone pair electrons, the stoichiometric deviation, and the heat of atomization, while the average coordination number 〈r〉, constraints, density, and molar volume increased, indicating the alloys have moved from floppy to rigid mode. The average overall bond energy, electronegativity difference, band gap energy, and glass transition temperature were estimated by analyzing the bond energies and its distribution based on the bond ordered network model (CONM). It has been found that all these parameters increase with Ge ≤ 30 at. % and decrease with the further increase of Ge content. This behavior can be explained in terms of the network chemical percolation threshold proposed by Tanaka. This threshold represents a topological phase transition from a two-dimensional structure at r˂2.67 to a three-dimensional structure at r≥2.67. The incorporation of Ge into the glassy Bi-S system yields interesting physical properties such as threshold and phase transition, confirming this composition's suitability for optical storage media.

STIPAGROSTIS XYLOSA COPE (TRIBE ARISTIDEAE, ARISTIDOIDEAE, POACEAE) A NEW DISTRIBUTION AND ADDITION TO THE FLORA OF ADEN, YEMEN

Abeer Ali Saeed — 2023-03-31

During the field trips between September –October 2022 after the good rainfall, have revealed to good collection and one remarkable very rare species Stipagrostis xylosa Cope tribe Aristideae (subfam. Aristidoideae, family Poaceae) is described as a new distribution of species to the flora of Aden. Morphological description and photograph of the species are provided.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHRONIC KHAT (CATHA EDULIS) CHEWING AND PLASMA LIPID PROFILE AMONG ADULT MALES FROM AL SHUAIB DISTRICT DHALA GOVERNURATE.YEMEN

Abdullah Mohamed Ahmed Saleh Blgeth — 2023-03-31

This study aims to investigate the association between chronic khat chewing (5 to 30 years duration) and dyslipidemia among healthy males in Al Shuaib District. One hundred participants from different villages agreed to complete the study with us. In this cross sectional study sample objects 230 males were selected randomly and divided according to ages and chewing khat duration, into four groups each (n= 20) and a control group of (n=20) non khat chewers. Data were obtained using a questionnaires and fasting blood sample collected and examined for lipid profile measurements including levels of total cholesterol TC, triglyceride TG, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).The mean levels of TC in groups D (179.5mg/dl) and E (180mg/dl) was higher significantly than control group subjects (156mg/dl). levels of HDL decreased in khat chewers; D and E groups (44.5mg/dl and 41mg/dl) respectively compared to the control group (46.4mg/dl). On the other hand, the average LDL increased in the D and E subject groups (103.4mg/dl) and (112.4mg/dl) respectively compared with control 93.8mg/dl. The level of TG was increased in all study groups A, B, D and E having statistical significance p < 0.05 compared with control C. There was a higher dyslipidemia among subjects of khat chewing groups than non khat chewers in relation to increase of mean years of khat chewing. There is a significant association between chronic khat chewing and dyslipidemia especially the decrease in HDL-C level was the main lipid variable followed by TG level. The imbalanced lipid profile might be due to genetic factor or social dietary habits, besides wide spread use of pesticides during cultivation of khat plant which have toxicity in area of study.

PREVALENCE OF ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS IN PATIENTS WITH GINGIVITIS AND PERIODONTITIS AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS

Noor Mohammed Abdulla Afara — 2023-03-31

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis among 300 (156 males and 144 females) participants divided into three groups as follows: 100 patients with periodontitis (periodontitis group), 100 patients with gingivitis (gingivitis group), and 100 individuals with healthy gingiva (healthy control group), using wet mount technique with physiological saline and Giemsa stain. The overall prevalence of E. gingivalis was 18.3% and the highest prevalence of E. gingivalis was among periodontitis group (29%) followed by gingivitis group (18%), and healthy group (8%). The highest prevalence (23.7%) of E. gingivalis was found among the age group 40-49 years. Infection was highly significant in males than females (23.7% vs.12.5%). With regard to risk factors, the prevalence of E. gingivalis was common in non-tooth brush users, smokers, qat chewers, and diabetic patients and there were significant differences between tooth-brush users and non-tooth brush users, smokers and non-smokers, qat chewers and non-gat chewers, and between diabetic and non-diabetic patients and occurrence of E. gingivalis. We conclude that the higher prevalence of E. gingivalis in periodontal disease compared to healthy individuals may be an indicator of the potential role E. gingivalis in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

EFFECT OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF CLOVE (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) ON VIABILITY OF PROTOSCOLICES OF SHEEP HYDATID CYSTS IN VITRO

Hiam Abdull-hameed Saleh Mohammed — 2023-03-31

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of the most valuable spices that has been used for centuries as food preservative and for many medicinal purposes such as antispasmodic, carminative, antioxidant and antimicrobial. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of alcoholic extract of clove, on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices in vitro. Different concentrations of the clove extract were assessed (1, 50 and 100 mg /ml). The results of the current study showed significant complete inhibition (100%) of protoscolices viability in vitro treated with100 mg/ml of alcoholic extract of S. aromaticum after 3 hours of exposure. Also, 85% inhibition with concentration of 50 mg/ml after 3 hours, progressing to complete inhibition of protoscolices viability after 4 hours. With concentration of 1 mg /ml, 70 % inhibition was observed after 3 hours, progressing to 100% inhibition after 5 hours of exposure to S. aromaticum alcoholic extract. There were significant correlations between efficacy and concentration and between efficacy and exposure time.

NEW RECORDS OF BRACHYURAN CRABS SPECIES (CRUSTACEA-DECAPODA) IN GULF OF ADEN- YEMEN

Abdullah Al-Hindi — 2023-03-31

The information on the biodiversity of crustaceans, especially brachyuran crabs on the northern shore of the Gulf of Aden is even more limited and almost completely unknown. The coasts in the south of the Arabian Peninsula at the Gulf of Aden have not received much attention, with few studies in the field of marine biodiversity in general and brachyuran crabs in particular. There is a large gap in knowledge on the fauna of brachyuran crabs inhabiting the coastline in this region, so; this study aims to fill the gap in the data in this part of the Arabian Peninsula. In this study, 1750 brachyuran crab specimens were collected from 36 sites along the Yemeni coastal waters in the Gulf of Aden. These specimens were collected by hand, hand nets, snorkeling up to 2 m depth, SCUBA diving. Moreover, trawl nets were used up to 300 meters and small fish traps. All these specimens were transferred to ZSM for identification (by morphological characteristics and morphological characteristics of the gonopods) and putting together all information such as sex, measurements, locations, collection dates, habitats, and collectors of the specimens. This study recorded 163 brachyuran crabs’ species belonging to 17 super families, 28 families and 110 genera. Of the 163 species, 53 species represent the first record for Yemeni coastal waters at the Gulf of Aden. Moreover, 8 species were considered the first recorded in the marine waters of the Arabian Peninsula is given.

EVALUATION OF THE LEVELS OF HYDROQUINONE AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC METALS IN SKIN-WHITENING CREAMS

Temitope M. Osobamiro — 2023-03-31

This study assessed the level of toxic metals and hydroquinone in skin-lightening-creams commonly use in Ogun State, Nigeria. The pH of all the cream samples was determined and metals quantification was carried out using ICP-OES after acid digestion while that of hydroquinone was done using HPLC. The health risk of dermal exposure to heavy metals via the regular application was done by evaluating the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. The pH of all the samples are acidic and it follows this trend; Sample 3 > Sample 1 > Sample 4 > Sample 2. All the metals considered in this study were detected in all the analyzed samples except Cd, Co and Cr in sample 1, As, Ba and Pb in sample 2, Ag, As and Hg in sample 3 and Ba in sample 4. Highest levels of Al, Co, Pb and Zn were recorded in Sample 3 (Organic cream). Though the concentrations of most of the toxic metals (Al, Zn and Mn) are above the permissible levels, they pose no non-carcinogenic health risk based on the calculated HQ and HI. The carcinogenic risk of metals in the sampled creams were all within the acceptable limit except that of Cd. Hydroquinone was detected in all the four samples analyzed ranging between 2.58 and 4.17 % which exceeded the permissible limit by WHO. This finding show that long-term use of skin-whitening-creams may pose serious health hazards so, public should be continually enlightening on the hazardous health effects of the use.

On Fuzzy Pre-Λ-Sets and Fuzzy Semi-Λ- Sets

Radhwan Mohammed Aqeel — 2023-03-31

This paper is devoted to study the notions of fuzzy pre-Λ-set, fuzzy semi-Λ- set, fuzzy pre- V -set and fuzzy semi- V - set in fuzzy topological space. We study some properties and discuss the relationships between fuzzy pre-Λ-set, fuzzy semi-Λ- set, fuzzy pre- V -set and fuzzy semi- V - set and relevant concepts in fuzzy topological spaces and to investigate some basic yet essential properties.