Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences

Front Cover

Abdulrahman Ahmed Mohren — Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

EVALUATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND TOTAL CALORIC CONTENT OF SELECTED TRADITIONAL YEMENI FOODS SOLD IN SANA’A, YEMEN

Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Traditional Yemeni foods such as Sabaya, Maloje, Lahouh, Al-Zum, and Fahsa lack documented data on their chemical composition. This study aimed to evaluate the moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate content, and total caloric value of these five foods. Laboratory analyses were conducted at Queen Arwa University and Sana’a University. Moisture content ranged from 26.46% in Maloje to 84.09% in Al-Zum, this variation is primarily attributed to differences in the composition and preparation methods of the foods. Fahsa, a meat-based dish, showed the highest protein content (8.45%), while Maloje had the highest carbohydrate content (63.09%) due to its wheat flour base. Sabaya recorded the highest fat (36.34%) and caloric content (462 Kcal/100g), attributed to the use of butter or ghee. In contrast, Al-Zum had the lowest energy value at 74 Kcal/100g. The findings reveal significant variations in the nutritional composition of these dishes, reflecting their diverse ingredients and preparation methods. This study provides valuable insights into the dietary contributions of traditional Yemeni foods. These findings also emphasize the importance of a balanced intake of traditional Yemeni foods to support health, suggesting Fahsa for protein, Maloje and Lahouh for energy, and limited consumption of high-fat dishes like Sabaya.

FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, LIFE-FORMS AND BIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF WADI BANA FROM BATESS TO JA'AR OF ABYAN DELTA, KHANFAR DISTRICT, ABYAN GOVERNORATE, YEMEN

Enaam Saleh Khamis Yeslam, Abrar Saleh Maqtan Ba-Qatyan, Abdul-Nasser Al-Gifri — Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The valleys (Wadies) are one of the important areas in Abyan Governorate, as they contain a rich diversity of plants. The study area in Abyan Governorate is characterized by a number of large and small valleys that differ in nature from one place to another. The study area (Wadi Bana) extends approximately 25 kilometers and is distinguished by the regular flow of floodwaters during certain seasons, which has led to the enrichment and diversity of the plant cover. The study was conducted from October 2023 to April 2024, and 13 study sites were identified along the valley to determine the floristic composition, life form, and biological spectrum. Plant samples were collected for each species from each site, with the coordinates of each site determined using a GPS device. A total of 76 plants species belonging to 65 genera within 32 plant families are the Asteraceae (9 genera and 12 species), Poaceae (9genera and 10 species), and Solanaceae (4genera and 4 species). The result of the biological spectrum indicated that therophytes constitute the highest percentage (28%) and are dominant in the study area, followed by chamaephytes (26%), Hemicryptophytes (17%), phanerophytes (16%), and Geophytes (13%). The dominance of both therophytes and chamaephytes indicates that the biological spectrum of life forms in the study area desert characteristic.

SESUVIUM PORTULACASTRUM L. SESUVIOIDEAE AIZOACEAE: A NEW RECORD TO FLORA OF ADEN AND ADDITION TO FLORA OF YEMEN

Amena Abdullah Ebrahim Saeed, Abdul-Nasser Al-Gifri — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A field study was conducted in November 2023 in Aden Governorate, Yemen, during which Sesuvium portulacastrum L. was collected from various locations within the governorate. This species is recorded here for the first time in Aden, and this record also represents a new and significant addition to the flora of Yemen, as it had not been previously documented in the country’s vegetation. The study provides a detailed morphological description supported by illustrative photographs, contributing to the understanding of halophytic plant diversity in the region and expanding the known geographical distribution of this species.

ASSESSMENT OF INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN IRAQI PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Masara F. Jasim, Kawther Isam Hameed — Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic low-grade inflammation. is increasingly recognized as a central feature in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines play critical roles in mediating immune-metabolic interactions that influence insulin resistance and disease progression. This study aims to evaluate the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients with T2DM compared to healthy individuals also to assess their relationship with clinical parameters such as age and body mass index (BMI). This case-control study included 100 participants: 70 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 30 healthy age- and sex- mostly matched controls. Serum cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical data including age and BMI were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to compare cytokine levels between groups and assess correlations with age and BMI. Diabetic patients exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-6 (8.2 ± 1.7 pg/mL) and TNF-α (13.3 ± 7.2 pg/mL) compared to controls (3.5 ± 1.2 pg/mL and 5.5 ± 3.1 pg/mL, respectively; p-value < 0.05). Conversely, IL-10 levels were markedly lower in the diabetic group (4.6 ± 2.9 pg/mL) than in controls (7.3 ± 3.3 pg/mL; p = 0.011). While age was similar between groups (p = 0.21), BMI was significantly higher in diabetic patients (p-value < 0.001), and positively correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α. Patients with T2DM exhibit an imbalanced cytokine profile marked by elevated pro-inflammatory and reduced anti-inflammatory markers which consistent with a state of chronic inflammation. These alterations appear to be associated more with obesity than with age. Monitoring cytokine levels may offer valuable insight into the immunometabolic status of diabetic patients and could serve as a target for therapeutic intervention.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTIC AND PROGRESSION OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN YOUNG PATIENTS IN ADEN-YEMEN 2024-2025

Hani Nasser Saleeh Zead, Ahmed Muthana Nasser Al-Bishi — Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been rising in the younger population worldwide. Although less common than in older populations, is a serious condition with unique risk factors and presentations. This linked to the growing prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors among younger people, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia, which have led to a rise in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). Additionally, emerging research points to the influence of less traditional risk factors, including chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, drug use, psychosocial factors, and novel biomarkers in the early onset of CAD. These factors collectively contribute to the rise in premature CAD, highlighting the need for improved prevention strategies and public health efforts focused on younger populations. The study aims to assess the characteristics and outcomes of ACS in young patients. A hospital- based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 104 patients who were diagnosed and treated as ACS at private cardiac units of Aden-Germany Hospital in the period between April 2024 and January 2025 were studied with reference to clinical profile and risk factor analysis based on cardiac enzyme biomarkers and cardiac invasive and non- invasive assessments. The mean (± SD) age was) 28.8 ±09) years, 100 patients (96.2%) were male, 4(3.8%) were female. Smoking were with 56 (53.8%) and 48 (46.2%) were with Khat and shamma chewing risk factors. A high percentage of patients 90) 86.5% (presenting with chest pain, with vast majority being non- diabetic 79 (98.8%). 57 (95%) of myocardial infarction (MI) patients with elevated ST segment (STEMI) were male. Elevated troponin level was highly significance (p value = 0.001). Most patients were with mild left ventricular ejection fraction and single coronary artery vessel affected (35.6%, 60.8% respectively). Killip class I represent the majority (61.5%) with a significance proportion (66.7%) were under the age of 30 and had non-elevated ST- segment (79.5%). The majority of the patients were male. Smoking, Kat and shamma chewing presumed risk factors. Killip class I and elevated ST segment quite common.

GENERALIZED \(H^h\)-RECURRENT FINSLER GEOMETRY WITH APPLICATIONS TO ANISOTROPIC IMAGE PROCESSING

Adel Mohammed Ali Al-Qashbari, Waled Hussein Al-Arashi — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, we investigate the structure of generalized H^h-recurrent Finsler spaces (G-H^h-R-F_n) and establish several recurrence relations for Cartan’s h-curvature tensor and its associated geometric invariants. In particular, Theorems 3.1, 3.2, and 4a.3 provide novel conditions characterizing the stability and recurrence of curvature under horizontal covariant differentiation. To demonstrate the practical significance of these results, we extend the theoretical framework to the domain of digital image processing. A Finslerian metric derived from image gradients is constructed to model anisotropic features, and the recurrence conditions are shown to enhance edge preservation during anisotropic diffusion filtering. Simulation steps are outlined, illustrating how the recurrence properties of curvature tensors improve noise suppression and directional stability compared to standard Euclidean methods. The proposed approach highlights the dual role of generalized Finsler recurrence: as a fundamental extension in differential geometry and as a powerful tool for advanced computer vision applications such as denoising, segmentation, and texture analysis.

HYDROTROPIC SOLUBILIZATION: AN EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR ENHANCING THE SOLUBILITY OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUG GLIMEPRIDE

Atyaf Tareq Fareed, Sana Saleh Al-Kubati — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Solubility, a key physicochemical property, determines a substance’s ability to dissolve in a solvent. Glimepiride, a BCS Class II drug for type 2 diabetes, exhibits very low aqueous solubility and high lipophilicity, which complicates formulation and may cause variable bioavailability and therapeutic failure. Hydrotropy which enhances aqueous drug solubility without micelle formation can allow higher drug loading with low toxicity. This study aimed to improve glimepiride’s aqueous solubility and bioavailability using hydrotropic agents. Solubility was measured in water, saline phosphate buffer, ethanol, and methanol, and in solutions of five hydrotropic agents (sodium benzoate, mannitol, urea, sodium acetate, and sodium citrate at 10–40% w/v). Drug solubility was also evaluated in binary and ternary mixtures of these hydrotropic agents'. The in vitro dissolution of glimepiride was assessed for a physical mixture and for solid dispersions with sodium citrate prepared by solvent evaporation and kneading. Glimepiride solubility in water was 2.83 µg/ml. The greatest solubility enhancement (ratio 284.33) was achieved with 40% sodium citrate, yielding 803.79 ± 0.015 µg/ml. Production yields for the physical mixture and solid dispersions ranged from 95.44 ± 1.95% to 101.80 ± 2.36%, and drug content varied from 87.00 ± 0.32% to 101.34 ± 0.26%. The fastest and complete in vitro dissolution; 99.95 ± 0.78% (DE 80.51%) within 30 minutes was observed for the solid dispersion prepared by the kneading method, compared with 62.35 ± 0.54% (DE 50.95%) for the pure drug. FTIR analysis indicated hydrogen-bond interactions between glimepiride and sodium citrate. In conclusion, sodium citrate, enhance glimepiride’s solubility and dissolution from solid dispersion especially by kneading method.

QUANTIFICATION OF GLUTEN CONTENT IN VARIOUS GRAIN FLOUR SAMPLES FROM YEMEN

Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to quantify the gluten content in a range of grain flour samples, including wheat, whole wheat, and gluten-free grains, collected from Yemen. Gluten content was determined using a standard wet gluten extraction method, and fiber content was analyzed using the AOAC method. The results showed that the white flour samples had the highest gluten content, ranging from 16.9% to 17.8%. In contrast, whole wheat flour samples had relatively lower gluten content (15.0% to 15.8%), but higher fiber levels. The gluten-free grain flours, such as soya, millet, sorghum, and oats, contained no detectable gluten, making them suitable alternatives for individuals with gluten-related disorders. The study also revealed variations in gluten content between different brands of the same flour type, highlighting the importance of product-specific analysis. These findings provide valuable insights into the dietary implications of gluten-containing and gluten-free foods, which can assist healthcare professionals, food manufacturers, and consumers in making informed decisions.