Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences

EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY BY USING CORRELATION COEFFICIENT AND WATER QUALITY INDEX IN SHARURAH GOVERNORATE, SAUDI ARABIA

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study is the first to be conducted in Sharurah governorate, Saudi Arabia, on groundwater. In this study, correlation analysis and water quality index WQI were used to analyze thirty data points of groundwater in some fields (15wells) in Sharurah city and its outskirts. The correlation analysis utilized the correlation coefficient to study the relationship between different physicochemical parameters such as Hydrogen ion concentration (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity (Turb), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl^-), sulfate (SO\(_4^{2-}\)), fluoride (F^-), total iron (Fe) nitrite (NO\(_2^-\)) and nitrate (NO\(_3^-\)), of groundwater at studied wells for Sharurah city. On the other hand, water quality index provides a useful tool for monitoring of water quality, it uses the values of different water parameters in a mathematical equation to produce a value that rates water quality, and determines the suitability of water for drinking. The study came out with the results that there are several statistically significant correlations between water parameters. Whereas water quality index WQI result reflects that 80% of the samples are of excellent and good quality.

ASSESSMENT OF THERMAL COMFORT IN A NATURALLY VENTILATED MECHANICAL WORKSHOP BUILDING USING CFD METHOD

Fawaz Ahmed Ghaleb Noman — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In hot and humid climates thermal discomfort is a major problem to the occupants of many buildings especially when they are not equipped with an air-conditioning system. Thermal comfort is an essential requirement in most occupied spaces because it affects the productivity, health and thermal satisfaction of the occupants. Mechanical Workshops are considered as important buildings in Yemeni universities. They are places for the students and teachers to perform their researches and experiments activities. Most of the mechanical workshop buildings in countries with a hot and humid climate use a combination of natural ventilation and electrical fans that are commonly used to provide thermal comfort to the occupants. This paper presents a study on an assessment of the level of thermal comfort in the mechanical workshop building which is located in Faculty of engineering, university of Aden, Yemen using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The CFD method was conducted to predict the thermal comfort inside the workshop building. The level of thermal comfort inside the workshop building was found to be well outside the comfort limits as specified by ASHRAE standards. Therefore, an alternative ventilation method is needed to improve the thermal comfort inside the Mechanical Workshop building.

THE ROLE OF NEUTROPHILS TO LYMPHOCYTES RATIO AS PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS AT AL-GAMHURIA MODERN GENERAL HOSPITAL – ADEN-YEMEN

Ayman Fuad Abdo Abdullah, Ganna Mohammed Hussein — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Inflammation plays a fundamental role in the development of atherosclerosis and in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) was recognized as important inflammatory marker in predicting the severity and prognosis of AMI. The aim of this study is to determine the role of NLR as predictive biomarker in AMI patients at Al-Gamhuria Modern General Hospital. This study was considered a descriptive cross-sectional study, which was conducted in Al-Gamhuria Modern General Hospital from March through August 2022. The study includes 124 patients diagnosed as AMI and classified into two groups: 70 patients with low NLR and 54 patients with high NLR. Out of 124 patients, 56.5% of patients had low NLR and 43.5% had high NLR. Patients with high NLR were older (62.31 ± 7.30 vs. 57.80 ± 5.17 years), had higher prevalence of D.M., hyperlipidemia, more smokers and Khat chewers compared to patients with low NLR. High NLR group had more elevated CK-MB and Troponin T, more reduced ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) compared to low NLR group (P < 0.001). High NLR group also had poorer Killip class (P < 0.001), and were more prone to death inside the hospital compared to low NLR group (11.1% vs. 1.4%), (P= 0.042). As conclusion, NLR is a strong predictor of myocardial damage, myocardial dysfunction as well as in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI. NLR as an inflammatory marker can also predict the consequences on the heart post-MI.

IMPACT OF PESTICIDES EXPOSURE ON HEALTH OF PESTICIDE RETAILERS IN SOME AREAS OF AL- DHALA GOVERNORATE - YEMEN

Bassam Mohammed Mothanna Rashed, Galal Mohammed Salem Assakaf — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Exposure to pesticides may result in some health effects on human. This study aims to investigate the effects of pesticide exposure on the liver functions among pesticide retailers who are persistent exposure to pesticides in some areas of AL- Dhala Governorate – Yemen in period Aug. 2020 to Feb. 2021. A number of 56 males who are pesticide retailers were selected randomly considered as exposed group with average exposure 11 years compared with 56 males who are not exposed or dealt with pesticides considered as control, have approximately same age and same area of study. Blood samples were collected and history was taken from both groups. the level of alanine aiminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed significant increased activities in retailers compared with control. A significant increase in bilirubin levels in retailers (P<0.05) compared with control. A decrease in levels of total protein and albumin of retailers (P<0.05) compared with control. These findings provide evidence at first sight of medical manifestation due to chronic exposure to pesticides with absence of safety measures in pesticides shop.

OBSTETRIC FISTULA: RISK FACTORS AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AMONG PATIENT ADMITTED IN AL-SADAQA TEACHING HOSPITAL, ADEN, REPUBLIC OF YEMEN (1\(^{st}\) JAN 2014 - 31\(^{st}\) DEC 2019)

Mariam M. Al-Maisary, Nahla S. Al-Kaaky — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Obstetric fistula is one of the major obstetric problem that results from prolonged obstructed labor. This condition mainly effect on women in the underdeveloped and developing nations of the world specially in Africa and Asia and Yemen one of them. Each year, an estimate of 50, 000-100, 000 women develop obstetric fistula worldwide. It occurs in areas where access to care at childbirth is limited or poor quality care during intrapartum period. to study the risk factors (social, demographic and obstetric) of Obstetric Fistula among Al-Sadaqa Teaching Hospital patients, Aden- Yemen. A hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out for 51 medical files of obstetric fistula patients admitted to fistula unit in Al-Sadaqa Teaching hospital in Aden city during the study period from 1st Jan 2014 to 31st Dec 2019.Using available data technique and questionnaire were used to collect the study data from medical files available in the hospital . This data were analyzed by SPSS software (version22). Most of obstetric fistula patients were from rural areas (60.8%), in the age group 20-34years (56.9%). Early age of marriage of age group 15-20 years (80.4%), illiterate (47.1%) and still married despite having obstetric fistula (92.2%)with non-used ANC in the causative pregnancy (41.2%) and have history of previous one and more caesarian section (19.6%, 11.8% respectively) .Most of participants delivered vaginally (54.9%) by midwives (72.5%) where prolonged obstructed labor was the most cause (49%) and most common type is rectovaginal fistula (41.2%) and the majority of fistula repair was through transvaginal (68.6%). The risk factors of obstetric fistula are early age of marriage, illiteracy, and lack of antenatal care, while obstructed prolonged labor was most common cause. Rectovaginal fistula is the commonest type. The study findings clear that obstetric fistula is important obstetric problem faced community and increasing maternal morbidity, significance of both treatment and prevention activities needed, also interventions that focus on improving access to maternal health care, emergency obstetric care, and increase rate of caesarean section when indicated.

GENOMIC INSIGHTS INTO SAUDI ARABIAN BIODIVERSITY: A SURVEY OF ANIMALS’ WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING STUDIES

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Saudi Arabia has a rich and diverse array of fauna, which faces constant threats from human activities such as habitat destruction and overhunting. This study aimed to provide an overview of the animals in Saudi Arabia that have undergone whole genome sequencing, contributing to their conservation and management efforts. The literature was searched in two databases, Web of Science and Google Scholar, using various combinations of keywords. A total of 14 articles published between 2017 and 2023 were retrieved. These studies covered 13 animal taxa, with mitochondrial genome sequencing being the predominant focus in 78% of the articles, largely facilitated by Illumina technology. Notably, the surveyed literature highlighted a significant gap in genomic coverage, particularly concerning endangered and endemic species. Despite the strides made in understanding species evolution and population genetics, the limited genomic data underscore the urgent need for expanded research efforts, including the incorporation of more local samples. Such endeavors hold immense potential in bolstering conservation and management strategies tailored to Saudi Arabia’s unique biodiversity.

A NOVEL BIVARIATE MITTAG-LEFFLER-TYPE FUNCTION AND ITS PROPERTIES

Fatima A. Musa — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, we attempted to present and study a novel Mittag-Leffler type function with two variables. Its numerous properties, including Euler, Mellin, Laplace, Whittaker, and Mellin-Barnes integral representations, as well as operational and integral relationships with other known Mittag-Leffler functions of one variable, are established.

THE EFFECT OF BREED AND SEASON OF CALVING ON THE COMPONENTS OF COW'S MILK

Salem Nasser Hussein, Abrar Abubakr Ali — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the effect of breed and season on the average percentage of fat, protein, total and non-fat solids, and pH. This study was carried out on the Al-Wali cattle breeding farm located in the Ja’oulah area, Aden Governorate, during the period from 2020-2022 AD, where two breeds of dairy cows were selected. Friesian and Ayrshire puppies are similar in their first month of birth and their milk production. The results of this study show that there is no significant effect at the level (p ≤ 0.0 5) of the breed on the percentages of cows’ milk components, except for a significant effect of the breed on the percentage of non-fat solids, as the highest percentage of non-fat solids was recorded in Ayrshire cows, which amounted to 8.21%. The lowest percentage was 8.05% in Friesian cows, also, the results show that there is a significant effect of the season on the values of fat, protein, total solids and non-fat solids and pH for the two breeds, as the moderate season recorded the highest percentage for each of fat, protein and pH amounting to 3.32%, 3.13% and 5.84 respectively, while the cold season recorded the highest percentage of total and non-fat solids, 11.72 and 8.46%, respectively. The results of the current study also indicated that the lowest value was recorded during the hot season for fat, protein, total substances, and pH, which amounted to 11.03. 2.71, 2.93 and 5.61%, respectively, while the lowest value for the percentage of non-fatty substances was in the moderate season, which amounted to 7.68%. When comparing the interactions between breed and season, it is observed that there is a significant effect at the probability level (p ≤ 0.0 5), as it was noted that the highest percentage of fat recorded in Ayrshire cows in the moderate season amounted to 3.32%, with high significant differences compared to the rest of the interactions that recorded the lowest percentage of fat in the season. The hot rate was 2.76% in Friesian cows. It was also found that the largest and smallest protein percentages were recorded in Friesian cows during the moderate and hot season, with large significant differences with all interactions amounting to 3.14 and 2.80%, respectively. It was also found that the highest value for the total solids percentage was recorded in the season. The cold value of Friesian cows amounted to 11.72%, compared to the lowest value recorded in the hot season for the same breed, which amounted to 10.61%. It is noted that the interaction had a significant effect, as the Ayrshire cow breed excelled, as it recorded the highest value of non-fat content and pH in the moderate season, amounting to 8.27 and 5.91%. Respectively, compared to the rest of the interactions for the Friesian cow breed, which recorded the lowest value during the hot season, amounting to 7.26 and 5.47%, respectively.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) AND CLOVE (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) AGAINST INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY BY DIMETHOATE IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Adel Fadhel Hussein Ali, Galal Mohammed Salem Assakaf — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Usage of pesticides is world wide spread have harmful effect on human health via environmental or occupational exposure, that pollute water, soil and food. This experimental study aims to investigate possible antioxidant and protective activities of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) aqueous extracts against induced injury of liver hepatocytes using the organophosphate Dimethoate (DM) in rabbits. Thirty adult male rabbits from local market were divided into five groups (6 animals in each). (1) control rabbits, (2) rabbits were given DM (20 mg/kg B. w daily dose 1/20 of half the lethal dose), (3) rabbits were given ginger extract (400 mg/kg B.W) daily dose and then DM, (4) rabbits were given clove extract (100 mg/kg B.W) daily dose and then DM, (5) rabbits were given ginger with clove extracts and then DM as previous dose for 30 days. At the end of the experiment animals were anesthetized and then sacrificed. The blood sample was collected for biochemical analysis. Dimethoate resulted in significant increase in the activity of aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared with control. Significantly increased level of both total and direct bilirubin were observed. However, the total protein and albumin were decreased. The ginger and clove extracts either separately or combined in groups 3,4 and 5 showed significantly improvement and decrease activity of liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP. On the other hand, decreased in total bilirubin compared with DM group were recorded. While increased the serum levels of total protein and albumin were observed. It could be included that ginger and clove extracts were effective in protecting against induced hepatotoxicity by treating liver functions. Therefore, we recommend these two plants by moderate amounts to be added in the daily meals and drinks.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L. AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The experiment was performed on the plant Tribulus terrestris L. which was collected from Khobar region in Al Dhale’ Governorate, Republic of Yemen on March. The extracts used (aqueous and methanol) were prepared in Lab of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy – Aden University. The experiment was done on two types of bacteria, one Gram negative (Escherichia coli) and one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus). The antimicrobial part of the experiment was carried out in the Microbiology Lab - University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen. The experiment was performed in triplicates, and using three factors (Type of solvent, Time and Concentrations). The results obtained were the following: The best solvent for extracting antibacterial substances was methanol in both bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus). The concentrations that produced the highest inhibition zones in E. coli were 600 and 800 mg/ml using well method, while in S. aureus the best concentrations were 400 and 600 mg /ml. The best result was obtained after 72 h using disk method on S. aureus, and using well method on E. coli. Interaction between concentrations and type of solvent showed that the best result was obtained by methanol extract using disk method at 200 mg/ml against E. coli, while the best result against S. aureus was obtained by methanol extract using disk method at 800 mg/ml. Interaction between different times and type of solvent indicated that the best result against E. coli was observed after 72h by aqueous extract using well method, while the best result against S. aureus was observed after 72h by methanol extract using disk method. Interaction between concentrations and different times showed that the best result was obtained after 72h at concentration 800mg/ml using well method against E. coli, while the best result against S. aureus was after 72h at concentration 400mg/ml using disk method. Interaction between type of solvent, concentrations and different times indicated that the best result in E. coli was observed after 72h by methanol extract at 200mg/ml using disk method, while the best result in S. aureus was observed after 72h by aqueous extract at 600mg/ml using disk method.

GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN SOME CLINICAL SPECIMENS AND THEIR ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILES, SANA’A, YEMEN

Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have emerged globally as significant public health problems owing to their high resistance to antibiotics, particularly in developing countries such as Yemen. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of GNB isolated from clinical samples in Sana’a City, Yemen. A total of 420 clinical samples, including vaginal swabs, urine, and pus, were collected from patients who attended some hospitals in Sana’a City, Yemen, in 2018. The collected specimens were examined according to standard microbiological methods, and the isolated bacteria were tested against some antibacterial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Among 420 specimens, the prevalence of gram-negative bacteria infections was 49.76%. A high rate of GNB was reported among the age group of 41–50 years old (57.97%), female patients (52.19%), those who came from rural areas (60.0%), and those who were uneducated (86.56%). The vaginal specimens exhibited a higher prevalence of bacterial bacteria (60.42%), followed by urine (51.28%) and pus (35.0%). Escherichia coli accounted for the greatest proportion of bacteria recovered from the study's patients (36.62%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.66%), Enterobacter sp. (12.32%), Acinetobacter sp. (10.92%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.15%), Citrobacter sp. (6.34%), and Proteus mirabilis (5.99%). E. coli was highly resistant to imipenem and enrofloxacin. Similarly, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were highly resistant to imipenem and norfloxacin. About 62.86% of Enterobacter sp. isolates were resistant to imipenem. In addition, 83.33–78.97% of Acinetobacter sp. isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem. Citrobacter sp. had high resistance to norfloxacin. Additionally, over 50% of P. mirabilis isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefuroxime, and ceftizoxime. The conclusion is that there exists a significant proportion of GNB prevalence and antibacterial resistance among the study subjects. Therefore, multisectoral approach is needed for implementing effective strategies to reduce the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among the community.

ANATOMICAL STUDY ON HIBISCUS L. (MALVOIDEAE) OF MALVACEAE SENSU LATO IN TOOR AL-BAHA DISTRICT, LAHEJ GOVERNORATE, YEMEN

Othman Saad Saeed Al-Hawshabi — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study presents anatomical characteristics of Hibiscus in Toor Al-Baha district, Lahej Governorate, Republic of Yemen. The study was carried out from August 2020 to the end of January 2022. Plant specimens were collected from different habitats in Toor Al-Baha district, The anatomical study of the wild species of Hibiscus in the study area showed that several anatomical characteristics are important in distinguishing between the five species studied, such as the stellate crystals and gum in the phloem of the vascular cylinder of the stem, the presence of glandular and non-glandular hairs in the upper epidermis of the leaf blade, the number of rows of palisade cells in the mesophyll of the leaf blade, and the number of layers that they consist of the cortex. Needle crystals are important in distinguishing H. aristaevalvis from the rest of the studied species. Furthermore, most of the studied species of Hibiscus contained star and prismatic crystals in their palisade cells of mesophyll tissue, except for H. trionum, whose palisade cells did not contain prismatic crystals. Likewise, stone vesicles distinguished H. trionum from the rest of the species. Micrometric measurements of the most important anatomical characteristics in the stem, petiole, and leaf blade of the five species of Hibiscus studied varied significantly and showed a high degree of differentiation among them.

THE ROLE OF THE LOW FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE COMMON SHOULDER JOINT LESIONS

Ahmed Awadh Bahomail — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article reviews the role of the low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic field strengths of 0.4 Tesla in the evaluation of the main pathologic conditions of the shoulder joint commonly encountered in clinical practice. Shoulder pain is a common clinical complaint that may be caused by abnormalities of the rotator cuff tendon, labrum and a variety of other pathological conditions. The differential diagnosis is extensive and includes tendinosis and rotator cuff pathology, instability, labral lesions, biceps disorders, radiculopathy, and thoracic outlet syndrome. In older patients, arthritis may even be a factor. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic confidence of an open low field MRI in patients with shoulder joint pain. Our data was obtained from 40 patients: 24 Male (60%) and 16-Female (40%). Their ages ranged between 17 and 70 years. All patients were investigated by conventional X-rays and MRI in the medical diagnostic center of Aden Resonance in Al-Mansoura district in Aden city. MRI was performed at an open 0. 4 Tesla MR-unit (Hitachi - Japan-Aperto Lucent). The study protocol comprised axial, sagittal & coronal STIR-T2 and T1 weighted images of 3-4 mm thickness. 55 patients (52.4%) were investigated by high field MRI 1. 5 T (Neusoft) as a reference method.

A NEW EXTENSION OF LOGARITHMIC BETA FUNCTION AND THEIR PROPERTIES

Salem Saleh Barahmah — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Khan Et Al., presented a new kind of beta logarithmic function, we aim in this research article to introduce new extension of beta logarithmic function, Further, we study its fundamental properties and discuss diverse formulas of that extension such as integral representation, summation formula, transform formula and their statistical properties. Based on this concept, we introduce new hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions and study their properties.

FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, LIFE-FORMS AND CHOROLOGY OF AL-MADLOOM MOUNTAIN, ADHALE DISTRICT, SOUTHERN YEMEN

Fuad Abdulla Nagi Alhood — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The floristic composition, life form, and chorology were conducted in Al-Madloom mountain, Adhale, South of Yemen. The flora consisted of 159 plant species belonging to 111 genera and 46 families. Apocynaceae (12 genera; 19 species), Euphorbiaceae (eight genera; 14 species), and Acanthaceae (eight genera; 8 species) were the most dominant families in terms of species richness. The plants were classified into different life forms and Chorotypes after standard methods. Among the life forms, Chamaephytes 60 species (37.73%) were the dominant followed by Therophytes 47 species (29.55%), Phanerophytes 29 species (18.23%), Geophytes 15 species (9.43%), Hemicryptophytes six species (3.77%), while two species were Parasites (1.25%). From the Chorological point of view, the study revealed that the highest number of species 56 (35.22%) was recorded in the Su-Za Chorotype, followed by Cosmopolitan 20 species (12.57%), Endemic 18 species (11.32%) and ZU-ZA+SA-SI 16 species (10.06%). The Sudano-Zambenzian constitute 56 species, which means the flora of the study area belongs to the Sudanian region. The domination of Chamaephytes and Therophytes indicates that the investigated area is under deep biotic stress. Endemism in the study area is relatively significant, represented by 11.32% of the total flora collected from the study area, and these taxa were listed to be globally endangered.

PLANT LEAVES USED IN THE TREATMENT 0F SOME DISEASE AFFECTING PEOPLE IN AL-DHALAA GOVERNERATE - YEMEN

Ahamed Mohamed Moqubel Al-Super — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study was carried during different seasons between December 2019 and November 2020 in the Dhalla Governorate. to make significant knowledge about the relationship between human and its environment in this area and how to benefit. From such knowledge. It’s obviously noticed that the link between wild plants with their different parts and the medical purpose is obviously noticed. It has conveyed 50 plant species that are used for medical purposes. As the plant species differ the also differ in its parts used for the treatment of desease affecting human beings. In the study area people has ability to conclude plant Leaves uses in the treatment of many diseases. in this study we found that 50 plant species belong to 40 Genera belong to 30 Family used for internal and external treatment as required.

Front Cover

Abdulrahman Ahmed Mohren — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000