STUDY OF THE WATER RESOURCES IN AL-DHALEA GOVERNORATE AND THE NATURAL AND HUMAN PROBLEMS OF ITS INHABITANTS FOR THE YEARS 1997 – 2019. (A STUDY IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF WATER RESOURCES)

Abstract

The objectivity of this researched study, tagged with (a study of the reality of water resources in Al Dhale'e governorate and the natural and human problems suffered by its inhabitants - for the years 1997-2019) (a study in the geography of water resources) is summarized and dealt with the most important problems facing the natural reality of Al Dhale'e Governorate, represented by general characteristics of geological formations and their consequences in the occurrence of steep and sloping surface features, as well as the reality of the general conditions of the climatic elements of Al Dhale'e Governorate, analysis of their annual data available for the years 1997-2019, and the specificity of that fact in scarcity of seasonal summer rainfall, which is due to its fluctuation and its irregularity made the population suffer from scarcity of water resources and the decline in per capita share rates year after year. Through analysis of the available data for the study area, the research reached a confirmation of actual suffers and touched on the social and economic problems, that residents of Al Dhale'e suffer from, and the effect of these natural conditions in scarcity of water resources, and the feverish activity in the area in exploitation and unfair uses of surface and underground water in various human purposes.

The study also has dealt with collecting official data about what the basin area (Al-Dhalea - Qataba) is exposed to in terms of civil competition in light of the absence of law and government supervision in digging deep (artesian) wells, many of which ranged in depths between 500-1000 meters, i.e. exceeding the permissible limits, this caused the underground water, stored in the folds of the elevated rocky layers to become topically depleted and drought.

The study concluded with the necessity to organize the water sector in the governorate and develop energies in establishments and institutions, concerned with water resources, evaluate using them, but the problem of water and region`s situation (water`s deficit and potential deficit) in their consideration, until to achieve a water balance in the closed and far-future.