GENOMIC INSIGHTS INTO SAUDI ARABIAN BIODIVERSITY: A SURVEY OF ANIMALS’ WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING STUDIES

Abstract

Saudi Arabia has a rich and diverse array of fauna, which faces constant threats from human activities such as habitat destruction and overhunting. This study aimed to provide an overview of the animals in Saudi Arabia that have undergone whole genome sequencing, contributing to their conservation and management efforts. The literature was searched in two databases, Web of Science and Google Scholar, using various combinations of keywords. A total of 14 articles published between 2017 and 2023 were retrieved. These studies covered 13 animal taxa, with mitochondrial genome sequencing being the predominant focus in 78% of the articles, largely facilitated by Illumina technology. Notably, the surveyed literature highlighted a significant gap in genomic coverage, particularly concerning endangered and endemic species. Despite the strides made in understanding species evolution and population genetics, the limited genomic data underscore the urgent need for expanded research efforts, including the incorporation of more local samples. Such endeavors hold immense potential in bolstering conservation and management strategies tailored to Saudi Arabia’s unique biodiversity.