CLINICAL TYPES OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN PATIENTS ATTENDING MAKKAH EYE HOSPITAL, ADEN, YEMEN

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a dreadful vision disease mainly affecting older people and causing permanent blindness. To study the clinical profile, risk factors, types, comorbid diseases, and visual impairment in patients of age-related macular degeneration at Makkah Eyes Hospital in Aden, Yemen. This study designed as an observational, retrospective study. The study conducted at Makkah eye hospital in Aden. We reviewed all medical files of the patients who diagnosed with AMD and treated in the hospital during the period January to December 2022. The collected variables were sex, age, residence area, visual acuity, visual impairment, corrected VA, cataract, pseudophakia and AMD. The collected data were processed by the SPSS version 22 and statistical analysis was done by estimating rates, means and standard deviations. Chi-square test was used and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The total study patients were 122 who attended the hospital and diagnosed with AMD and they were (55.74%) males and (44.26%) females. Their age ranged between 27 to 92 years with a mean age of 64.5 ± 10.9 years. The age group 61-70 years were predominant with (35.24%). Most patients were from urban areas (54.10%). Patients with dry AMD were predominant with (77.87%) and wet AMD (22.13%). Hypertension found in (32.79%) patients, diabetes mellitus in (18.03%) patients and cardiac problems only in (3.28%). The most common visual acuity groups were severe visual impairment (0.05-0.1) in both eyes with (35.24%) in the right eyes and (25.41%) in the left eyes. Unilateral cataract was found in (14.8%) and bilateral in (62.2%). In addition, unilateral pseudophakia, was in (13.9%) and in bilateral (13.1%). Males more affected than females and age is the major risk factor for development and progression of AMD. Dry AMD were predominant. Further studies are needed to determine the magnitude of the disease among the elderly population in our country.