BRUCELLOSIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND GLOBAL PREVALENCE

Nazeh  Al-Abd; Omar  Bamagha; Asmaa Ahmed  Abdullah; Buthina Mohammed  Saleh; Eishah Gaffer  Ali; Fathi Naesr  Fathi; Hanan Ali  Mohammed; Khaled Nasser  Saleh; Raba'a Aref  Nasser; Majed  Mohammed; Mohammed Ahmed  Qaid; Zakaria Galal  Muqbel

doi:10.47372/ejua-ba.2025.2.448

Authors

Nazeh Al-Abd Dept. of Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen
Omar Bamagha Dept. of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Hadhramout University, Hadramout, Yemen
Asmaa Ahmed Abdullah Scholar Student, Department Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
Buthina Mohammed Saleh Scholar Student, Department Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
Eishah Gaffer Ali Scholar Student, Department Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
Fathi Naesr Fathi Scholar Student, Department Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
Hanan Ali Mohammed Scholar Student, Department Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
Khaled Nasser Saleh Scholar Student, Department Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
Raba'a Aref Nasser Scholar Student, Department Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
Majed Mohammed Scholar Student, Department Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
Mohammed Ahmed Qaid Scholar Student, Department Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
Zakaria Galal Muqbel Scholar Student, Department Para-Clinic, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47372/ejua-ba.2025.2.448

Keywords:

Brucellosis, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Diagnosis

Abstract

Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the genus Brucella, presents a significant public health concern globally, particularly in regions where animal husbandry is common. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of brucellosis, the different species of Brucella, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and a synthesis of previous studies on its prevalence. Brucellosis affects both animals and humans, leading to economic losses in livestock and chronic health issues in humans. The review highlights the global distribution of the disease, the various Brucella species that infect different hosts, and the clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods used for detection. The treatment strategies, including the use of antibiotics, and the challenges of managing brucellosis in endemic areas are also discussed. In addition, the review consolidates findings from previous studies, particularly focusing on the prevalence of brucellosis in different geographic regions, identifying key risk factors, and suggesting areas for further research and control measures.