ASSOCIATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION BIOMARKERS, BLOOD MINERALS, AND BLOOD GLUCOSE WITH HYPERTENSION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN HADHRAMOUT, YEMEN

Abstract

Hypertension is a major global health challenge and the most common comorbidity accompanying chronic kidney disease. In the Hadhramout coastal region of Yemen, it is among the most prevalent diseases. However, there is a lack of studies in this governorate assessing its physiological and biochemical impacts. Therefore, this study aimed to assess differences and correlations between kidney function biomarkers, blood minerals, blood glucose, and hypertension in Hadhramout, Yemen. A cross-sectional study of 60 participants (40 hypertensive patients and 20 healthy controls) were included. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting glucose, kidney function biomarkers (creatinine, urea, uric acid), and blood minerals (sodium, calcium). Demographic data and body mass index (BMI) were collected via a questionnaire. Hypertensive patients showed significantly higher levels of blood glucose, creatinine, urea, and uric acid compared to the control group, while no significant differences were observed in sodium and calcium levels. Demographically, hypertension was more prevalent in females (55%) and in the 60–69 age group (47.5%). Major risk factors included a family history of hypertension (75%) and anxiety (77.5%). Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between systolic blood pressure and BMI, alongside a significant negative correlation with sodium levels. Furthermore, diastolic blood pressure demonstrated a significant positive correlation with urea levels. In conclusion: Hypertension is associated with alterations in biochemical parameters, particularly kidney function markers, and glucose levels, as well as BMI, genetic predisposition, and specific electrolyte imbalances.